Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Monday, November 18, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO): Leading Analogs' 500 mb Anomaly Height Composite ... as of OCT-19
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
composites of 500 mb (5H) geopotential height anomalies (GPHa) and
2-meter air temperature anomalies (2m Ta) for analog winters '66 / '67 ... '68 / '69 ... '90 / '91 ... '04 / '05 ... '17 / '18
- Trof-W / Ridge-E
- High GPHa INVOF Aleutian Is. & low GPHa INVOF Hawaii ==> EPO < 0
- Azores HIGH ==> NAO > 0
- High GPHa dipole Azores & Aleutian Is. ==> AO > 0
5H GPHa weighted-composite
2m Ta weighted-composite
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO): Leading Analogs' 500 mb Anomaly Height Composite ... as of OCT-19
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO)
composites of 500 mb (5H) geopotential height anomalies (GPHa) and
2-meter air temperature anomalies (2m Ta) for analog winters '78 / '79 ... '85 / '86
... '95 / '96 ... '99 / '00 ... '02 / '03.
- Ridge-W / Trof-E
- Hi-latitude blocking over Greenland ==> NAO < 0
5H GPHa weighted-composite
2m Ta weighted-composite
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - Arctic Oscillation (AO): Leading Analogs' 500 mb Anomaly Height Composite ... as of OCT-19
Arctic Oscillation (AO) composites of 500 mb (5H) geopotential height anomalies (GPHa) and 2-meter air temperature anomalies (2m Ta) for analog winters '53 / '54 ... '54 / '55 ... '59 / '60 ... '97 / '98 ... '14 / '15.
- Overall North American pattern mimics Tropic/Northern Hemisphere's (TNH) negative phase often associated with +ENSO.
- Negative TNH ==> 1) stronger than normal Pacific jet farther south of its normal axis and 2) well above normal temperatures in eastern North America.
- Active sub-tropical jet
- Positive GPHa over eastern Canada would 1) advect cP flow from hi-latitude snow fields into the eastern U.S. and 2) effectively displace the Hudson LOW from its climatologically favored location.
5H GPHa weighted-composite
2m Ta weighted-composite
Saturday, November 09, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - 500 mb Geopotential Heights and 2m T Anomaly Composites: La Nada Years
La Nada or neutral ENSO comes in two flavors -
Cool (-0.5 < Region 3.4 SSTa < 0)
Warm (0 < Region 3.4 SSTa < 0.5)
Current consensus expects 'warm' La Nada for Winter '19 / '20.
Recent La Nada years by decade:
1967
1979
1981 ... 1982 ... 1986 ... 1990
1991 ... 1993 ... 1994 ... 1997
2002 ... 2004
2013 ... 2014 ... 2017
Prevailing feature common to cool and warm La Nadas ...
- Positive 5H GPHa INVOF Aleutian Is. & negative 5H GPHa INVOF Hawaii = EPO < 0 ==> Arctic outbreaks into central CONUS
Friday, November 08, 2019
Thursday, November 07, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - Eurasia Snow Cover: OCT
Eurasia/s areal snow cover for OCT-19: ~ 12,800,000 SQ-KM
24% above 52-year P-O-R-N (~10,300,000 SQ-KM)
27% above 52-year median (~10,100,000 SQ-KM)
Rank: 7th
3rd highest past 10 years
4 of past 20 years below median ('05 ... '07 ... '08 ... '11)
OCT-18: ~10,400,000 SQ-KM
OCT-19: 23% greater than OCT-18
Ranked analog years 500 mb anomaly height composite for Winter '19 / '20
('15 / '16 ... '16 / '17 ... '09 / '10 ... '01 / '02 ... '14 / '15)
- High 500 mb geopotential heights at hi-latitude ==> NAO & AO < 0
- EPO > 0 ==> fast zonal flow over CONUS & mild PAC air masses
-weak evidence of trof over coastal M-A & NE CONUS
CORRECTION: '15 / '16 & '09 / '10 ENSO should be 'W+'
Key
ENSO: nada- (-0.5 < Region 3.4 SSTa < 0); C- (weak La Nina); W- (weak El Niño)
NAO: sign of D-J-F average
AO: sign of D-J-F average
PDO: sign of O-N-D-J-F-M average
QBO: + ==> west; - ==> east
Tuesday, November 05, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO): Leading Analogs' 500 mb Anomaly Height Composite ... as of OCT-19
Analog 5H composite ('80/'81 ... '08/'09 ... '12/'13 ... '14/15 ... '16/'17) ... as of OCT-19
- EPO-like ridge offset slightly to the west of preferred position for a 'Trof-East' regime
- Azores HIGH ==> NAO > 0
- Low geopotential heights over pole ==> AO > 0
- Negative height anomaly over southeast Canada favors primary storm track through the Upper Plains and across the Great Lakes in line with current soil moisture axis
Weighted analog 5H composite
Weighted analog 2m T composite
Friday, November 01, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - Eurasia/s OCT Snow Advancement
UPDATE (31-OCT-19)
Dr. Cohen via Tweeter ..."... the snow cover advance index came in at +0.6.
"This does suggest a negative winter Arctic Oscillation and upcoming #PolarVortex disruption."
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UPDATE (29-OCT-19)
Dr. Cohen via Tweeter ... "October SCE will likely be more than one standard deviation above normal.
"My research shows this favors colder winter temperatures across the N Hemisphere mid-latitudes including East US (sic)"
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Winter '19 / '20 - What Is the Polar Vortex and How Does It Influence Weather?
"However, there is some confusion in the media, general public, and even within the science community regarding what polar vortices are and how they are related to various weather events."
[...]
"... since surface weather disturbances are associated only with displacements of the vortex edge in limited areas rather than hemispheric-scale changes to the vortex, it is not clear ... invoking the term vortex clarifies anything, given ... the vortex is a hemispheric-scale structure.
"Use of the term without adequate explanation can suggest a more dramatic change to the global tropospheric circulation than has actually occurred (e.g., “The polar vortex is back!”)."
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Learn more about the PV from the full article courtesy the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) here.