Winter '17 / '18 - NOV/s Arctic Oscillation: Winter/s Leading Indicator

The sign of NOV/s Arctic Oscillation (AO) index has a statistically significant (Chi-square Test for Independence; p <= 0.05) association with the sign of the average AO index during meteorological winter (D-J-F).

AO Contingency Table
p = 0.046	Nov +	Nov -	Total
D-J-F +	16	10	26
D-J-F -	15	26	41
Total	31	36	67
True +	52%	28%	False -
False -	48%	72%	True +

'True + (-)' indicates a true (false) prediction.

IOW ... if NOV/s AO is negative ... then there's a 72% chance the winter's average AO/s sign will also be negative ...

...and the association between the AO/s negative sign for NOV and D-J-F has a 28% 'false alarm rate' (FAR).

The relationship is nowhere near as strong when NOV/s AO is positive (48% FAR).

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Interesting ... albeit different ... relationship between NOV/s North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).